Meanwhile, the Force Publique were required to provide the hand of their victims as proof when they had shot and killed someone, as it was believed that they would otherwise use the munitions (imported from Europe at considerable cost) for hunting or to stockpile them for mutiny. According to Eventually, growing scrutiny of Leopold's regime led to a popular campaign movement, centred in the United Kingdom and the United States, to force Leopold to renounce his ownership of the Congo. 540 Chinese labourers were imported to work on railways in the Congo, however 300 of them would die or leave their posts. ABIR's tax collection system forced men out from the villages to collect rubber which meant that there was no labour available to clear new fields for planting.
Together with epidemic disease, famine, and a falling birth rate caused by these disruptions, the atrocities contributed to a sharp decline in the Congolese population. Sometimes the hands were collected by the soldiers of the Force Publique, sometimes by the villages themselves. More than 50% of the children sent to the schools died of disease, and thousands more died in the forced marches into the colonies. Belgian crowds booed at his funeral in 1909 to express their dissatisfaction with his rule of the Congo. There were even small wars where villages attacked neighbouring villages to gather hands, since their rubber quotas were too unrealistic to fill.One junior officer described a raid to punish a village that had protested. Labour was demanded by the administration as taxation.Workers who refused to supply their labour were coerced with "constraint and repression". The magnitude of t These atrocities were particularly associated with the labour policies used to collect natural rubber for export. According to historian Historians have argued that comparisons drawn in the press by some between the death toll of the Free State atrocities and the Holocaust during Allegations of genocide in the Free State have become common over time.The term "Congolese genocide" is often used in an unrelated sense to refer to the mass murder and rape committed in the eastern Congo in the aftermath of the The legacy of the population decline of Leopold's reign left the colonial government with a severe labour shortage and it often had to resort to mass migrations to provide workers to emerging businesses.Neither the Belgian monarchy nor the Belgian state has ever apologised for the atrocities.The atrocities of the era generated public debate about Leopold, his specific role in them, and his legacy. As a consequence, the rubber quotas were in part paid off in chopped-off hands.
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