Before 1954, the Plessy v. Ferguson decision ruled that segregation was constitutional as long as it was equal.
Nixon, a local labor leader, organized a December 4 meeting at Fred Gray, member and lawyer of the MIA, organized a legal challenge to the city ordinances requiring segregation on Montgomery buses. In National 5 History learn about notable events in the civil rights campaigns, such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955 and the Freedom Rides in 1961. We know about the Jim crow laws and violence faced by African Americans.
eddibear3a and 4 others learned from this answer One of the most significant results of the Montgomery bus boycott was that the segregation of busses was ended by court order, although white short-term retaliation was brutal.
If the bus filled, the front-most row of blacks would have to stand to allow the next white passenger to sit.In 1946, the NAACP represented Irene Morgan in an anti-segregation case against Virginia busses. As a result of this segregation African Americans were not hired as drivers, were forced to ride in the back of the bus, and were frequently ordered to surrender their seats to white people even though black passengers made up 75% of the bus system's riders. By December 2, schoolteacher Jo Ann Robinson had mimeographed and delivered 50,000 protest leaflets around town.
E.D. Rosa Parks, the Montgomery Bus Boycott, and the Birth of the Civil Rights MovementHow Rosa Parks became “Mother of the Civil Rights Movement” It signaled that a peaceful protest could result in the changing of laws to protect the equal rights of all people regardless of race. Jesus still cries out in words that echo across the centuries: "Love your enemies; bless them that curse you; pray for them that despitefully use you".
Over 70% of the cities bus patrons were African American and the one-day boycott was 90% effective. Shortly after Parks’s arrest, Jo Ann Robinson, a leader of the WPC, and E.D. We must love our white brothers, no matter what they do to us.
on December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks was taking the bus home from work in Montgomery, Alabama.
There was very little African Americans could do to stop the practice because bus drivers in Montgomery had the legal ability to arrest passengers for refusing to obey their orders.
Some took station-wagon "rolling taxis" donated by local churches.Montgomery City Lines lost between 30,000 and 40,000 bus fares each day during the boycott.
The bus company that operated the city busing had suffered financially from the seven month long boycott and the city became desperate to end the boycott.
The Montgomery Bus Boycott started in December 1955. The structure of southern society pre-1955 ensured that black Americans were very much second class citizens. A group of local ministers formed the The MIA initially asked for first-come, first-served seating, with African Americans starting in the rear and white passengers beginning in the front of the bus.
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