P and S waves are known as body waves because they propograte within the body of the earth. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The worst damage occurs in densely populated urban areas where structures are not built to withstand intense shaking. Love waves cause horizontal shifting at the surface, and Rayleigh waves, the slowest moving, have a rolling motion similar to that of an ocean wave and vertically displace the earth's surface. This results in a change of the earth’s interior masses which send out powerful shock waves with enough force to alter the surface of the earth. Earthquakes are, thus, caused by tectonic plate movements, volcanic activity or underground explosions.Plate tectonic movements cause the majority of the earthquakes. Aftershocks refer to smaller shock waves that result from the adjustment of the crust after the principal shock. Surface ground cracking associated with faults that reach the surface often occurs, with horizontal and vertical displacements of several yards common. Earthquakes have a tremendous destructive power they strike quickly, and many, many times unexpectedly. Geological Faults. Early warning, even though measured in seconds, may permit people to take protective measures to prevent or limit injury, allow authorities to halt trains and subways and stop traffic from entering bridges and tunnels, and alert emergency responders to take measures to prevent their vehicles from becoming inaccessible or damaged.On average about 1,000 earthquakes with intensities of 5.0 or greater are recorded each year. In Jan., 1994, an earthquake measuring 6.6 with its epicenter in N Los Angeles caused major damage to the city's infrastructure and left thousands homeless.Dreams about natural disasters often occur during life crises—during major “shake-ups.” The earth represents the material basis of life, so an earthquake can be an especially appropriate symbol of financial upheaval. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. According to Wikipedia, “An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the perceptible shaking of the surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust that creates seismic waves.Earthquakes can be violent enough to toss people around and destroy whole cities. For this reason, underground nuclear tests have been banned globally.Sonia is a High School Graduate and Runs the Writing and Editing Team for EarthEclipse.com. This is mainly due to the sudden displacement and shaking of underground rocks.Volcanic activity also creates fault lines and underground disturbances that can instigate the sudden ripping or falling of the tectonic plates, thus, releasing the pent-up pressure which moves outwards in all directions.Seismic waves (wave shocks) similar to the ones causing earthquakes can be generated by underground explosions.
Notable earthquakes have occurred at Lisbon, Portugal (1755); New Madrid, Mo. A geological fault is known as the displacement of plates of their original plane. Consequently, these plates are usually in constant movement – past or from each other within the earth’s crust.When these plates (rocks) break or slide past each other at boundaries known as fault lines, they release shock waves. The aftershocks can worsen the aftermath of the disastrous earthquake outcomes.Apart from tectonic plate movements, volcanic activity can significantly cause massive earthquakes. They depend on the detection of P waves by seismometers, and the transmission of that detection to affected populations by various means. Slippage at the weakest point (the focus) occurs. Surface waves consist of two main types, Love and Rayleigh waves; they move more slowly than P and S waves. After some period, the build up energy and movement generates great tensions in the plates and builds pressure on the fault lines. This is because they strike with little or no warning, and can cause catastrophic damage. Dreams about earthquakes may also occur during life-threatening illnesses or in the recovery period following life-threatening accidents.All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. It happens when there is sudden movement or breaking of the tectonic plates.Tectonic plates are huge rock pieces within the earth’s crust. Reiter, L., Earthquake Hazard Analysis, 1990, Columbia University. Since the shear and tear forces are always constant within the earth’s plate tectonics, earthquakes can occur at any time. Rapid Changes on Earth: Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Landslides PPT. Displaying causes and effect of earthquakes PowerPoint Presentations Earth’s Oceans - Central Bucks School District PPT. Bedrock areas receive fewer effects. Earthquakes can cause serious destruction to property, injury to people and even kills. Natural cause: Earthquakes are the result of slow-moving processes that operate within Earth. The extent of earthquake vibration and subsequent damage to a region is partly dependent on characteristics of the ground. In 1989, the Loma Prieta earthquake above Santa Cruz shook for 15 seconds at an magnitude of 7.1, killed 67 people, and toppled buildings and bridges.
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