We’ve all heard it: “Today, your phone has a zillion times more processing power than giant computers that filled an entire room in days past!” Rather than review bits and bytes, let’s look at CHM’s 1401 computer from the point of view of what it can do, and its long-lasting impact on the development of business computing.At its introduction in 1959, the 1401 was not the largest computer on the block; for IBM, that would have been the massive 7090 scientific mainframe, introduced a year earlier, followed by the even-larger STRETCH supercomputer in 1961. Remember sorting? Combined with a printing speed of 600 lines per minute, the result is a higher rate of output than is obtainable with many printers of greater line printing speed. Alphabetical or numerical data may be processed. The IBM 1403 line printer was introduced as part of the IBM 1401 computer in 1959 and had an especially long life in the IBM product line. IBM 1401 Processing Unit This unit controls the entire system by means of its stored program. As shown above, the machine’s internal architecture lines up well with modern conventional computers, instructions and data in the same memory bank, and an arithmetic unit for doing calculations. These large and unwieldy machines — sorters, collators, punched card calculators and tabulators – each had unique functions and were used together to solve large-scale business problems. For example, inventory management, general ledger or payroll were all performed by passing punched cards through predetermined sequences of operations on different machines, with operators to carry boxes of cards from one operation (and machine) to the next.Although the punched card methodology was clearly superior to paper, pencils and ledger books, it was still very labor-intensive. In fact, the internal data path for the machine is on display on the 1401 operator’s panel.But compared to modern computing, the very small memory capacity and the initial lack of mass storage like disk drives (on which data could be accessed non-sequentially), the programming paradigm would look unfamiliar. Each pass introduced new perils; as tab Veteran W. Van Snyder said:So when IBM brought out the 1401, designed specifically to fit the existing punched card environment, they could offer several radical improvements, all of which cut labor costs (this is in the post-war boom years, when labor costs were getting to be a big deal):And of course with all this, the 1401 had to be inexpensive enough to displace the punched card machines that were all so deeply entrenched.
A feature of the Printer is a wheeled form stand which reduces and simplifies paper handling. The larger system is thus made available for data processing and logical operations.
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