The idea he had inspired Hitler dismayed Mackinder, but suddenly, the eighty-something geographer was the coming man. Meanwhile, Nick Megoran, a British geographer who has studied Mackinder’s legacies, recounts how, since the 1990s, intellectuals in Central Asia have often invoked his theories to burnish the case for their region’s autonomy from the great powers. While Russia rules much of the Heartland, however, it does not currently command the World-Island. As a boy, he saw the news of Prussia’s victory over France in 1871 on the door of his Lincolnshire post office; three decades later, he was busy worrying about the rise of Germany at a “social imperialist” dining club founded by Sidney and Beatrice Webb, alongside Leo Amery and HG Wells. This led to a hullabaloo in the US. Mackinder’s writings were preserved in Soviet libraries, with a few trusted ideologues allowed access, so they could refute them. The Eurasian Economic Union, launched in 2015, embodies the idea of Russia reaching beyond national bounds. He twisted it from a warning into a strategy: his humiliated country could form a grand Berlin-Moscow-Tokyo alliance, and challenge British dominance. As Polish foreign minister, Radek Sikorski was involved in talks to end the crisis. Paul Richardson of the University of Birmingham argues that “ghosts of geopolitics past” occlude shared interests, and the degree to which Russia and China are really focused on domestic development.
In postwar Munich, the Heartland theory caught the eye of another geographer, a war veteran called Karl Haushofer. x��\Y��qٔ%��e�~�7w;0�:���2D��D��B��;{ؙ�^0�6����ҙueVw��.v� {�������j|��T�������_�����o^��U|�:=��`�4�� ���b��K�8,��Y�<9��C.ۉa�L��/^5�mo[��V���j�������՛vi�^�j��Џ}�=i��mf�E+u'���y+msx���7��3� x�.�DwE��i4��*�v���ꥑ�q z� c�F2��l@X�������i��u�G�Ɔ�uu� But by 1945, with Germany flattened, Mackinder’s model foreshadowed the emerging East-West stand-off. To grasp this perspective, he has studied map projections with Russia at the centre.
He suggests that Ukraine is perhaps the nearest equivalent today to Mackinder’s proposition that who rules eastern Europe commands the Heartland: “It’s the Egypt of Europe – a swing state,” he says, “which is why we’ve had rivalry between Russia and the EU over the geopolitical orientation of Ukraine.” A century on, democratic ideals of international community are taking a battering, and Mackinder’s ideas are back in fashion. The Soviets condemned the Heartland theory as dodgy geography, weaponised for “the aggressive policies of imperialist states”. Halford Mackinder's Heartland Theory by Lona Luo — 1539 Halford Mackinder's Heartland Theory by Lona Luo — 1539 Bring your visual storytelling to the next level.
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