Explain briefly Geertz' critique of structural anthropology . Though Malinowski and Radcliffe-Brown differed in their approaches to functional interpretation, they both contributed to the push for a “shift in the assumptions of ethnology, from a concern with isolated traits to the interpretation of social life” (Winthrop 1991:130).This school of thought has contributed to the concept of culture that traditional usages, whatever their origin, have been shaped by the requirement that human beings must live together in harmony.
2 CC, p. 35.
m ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. There are also culturally derived needs and Radcliffe-Brown focused on social structure rather than biological needs.
The primary starting points of Malinowski’s theorizing included: 1) understanding behavior in terms of the motivation of individuals, including both rational, ‘scientifically’ validated behavior and ‘irrational’, ritual, magical, or religious behavior; 2) recognizing the interconnectedness of the different items which constituted a ‘culture’ to form some kind of system; and 3) understanding a particular item by identifying its function in the current contemporary operation of that culture (Firth 1957:55).The inclusiveness of Malinowski’s concept of culture is apparent in his statement:“It obviously is the integral whole consisting of implements and consumers’ goods, of constitutional charters for the various social groupings, of human ideas and crafts, beliefs and customs.
With time, criticism of this approach has escalated, resulting in its decline in the early 1970s. Critique of Anthropology | Citations: 161 | Critique of Anthropology is dedicated to the development of anthropology as a discipline that subjects social reality to critical analysis.
Radcliffe-Brown argued that explanations of social phenomena had to be constructed within the social level. Functionalists believed the motive force of events was to be found in their manifestations in the present. For example, we have no written record of the development of social institutions among the Native Australians.
1 Macmillan, London 1982, p. 1 (hereafter CC).
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It also emphasizes techno-environmental forces, especially environment, ecology, and population, thereby reducing culture to adaptation (Bettinger 1996:851). 12
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