Thus the surface area for the fault slip can be much larger for subduction zone earthquakes than for transform faults and the corresponding magnitudes for subduction zone earthquakes can be much greater. “Within the muds we find sand layers deposited by the tsunamis.
in physical science and philosophy, and a M.A. That earthquake is thought to have "triggered" another quake in 2005, scientists say.The Cascadia subduction zone, stretching from British Columbia to Northern California. He blogs for Smart News and contributes to the American Geophysical Union.
By And he’s found evidence of 12 major earthquakes over a 6,000-year period, an average recurrence interval of 500 years. last updated 17 November 2012.
“The San Andreas Fault and other transform, or strike-slip, faults are very long but not very wide as they cut vertically through the earth’s brittle upper crust.
And it reveals the story of plate tectonics itself. “The last time it ruptured was January 26, 1700 A.D., over 300 years ago.
In contrast, subduction zone faults are both long and wide as they cut at a very shallow angle through the crust. “It’s not like you can say they occur every 500 years so the next one won’t be till 2200 and we don’t need to worry,” he adds. “Thus we can’t reliably assess at this point whether the Cascadia subduction zone will eventually break mostly in a single giant earthquake or a series of large earthquakes.”He said more study of past Cascadia quakes and those elsewhere, along with analysis of the recent crop of great quakes, might lead to better predictions.One of the researchers scoping out Cascadia’s history of ancient earthquakes is Benjamin Horton, a professor in the department of marine and coastal science at Rutgers University.Horton has trenched and cored in the muds along the the coasts of British Columbia and the northwest United States looking for evidence of earthquakes big enough to trigger massive tsunamis. The frequency and intensity of earthquakes has not changed. “The last time it ruptured was January 26, 1700 A.D., over 300 years ago. Last …
The largest transform fault earthquakes are about magnitude 8.5, whereas subduction zone [earthquakes] can be as large as magnitude 9.5.”Horton and his team look for signs of a big tsunami in the layers of shoreline mud and at the bottom of the deep sea.
The news and stories that matter, delivered weekday mornings.Let our news meet your inbox. “This happened in Sumatra, where the great 2004 event activated the adjacent 2005 event, and those two activated a slightly more distant 2007 event,” he said.So what does that mean for the Cascadia subduction zone?“The offshore fault appears to be fully locked up by friction, with strain building up until the next large earthquake rupture releases it,” Lay says.But nobody can predict exactly when that might happen, or what it will be like.“The last 10 years have been interesting for seismologists because we have learned that great subduction zone earthquakes occur in many different ways and there do not seem to be any simple rules to predict the kind of behavior to expect,” says Peter Shearer, a professor of geophysics at the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego. Number of Earthquakes by Year. The European colonizers hadn’t reached the West Coast yet.
Ground shaking causes movement of sediments from the continental shelf out to the deep sea bottom.”Because of the wide range in recurrence intervals it’s impossible to determine how worried we should be, Horton says. “It’s very analogous to the Sumatra event of 2004.”And that fits right in with magnitudes seen in subduction zone earthquakes.“The size of earthquakes is related to the surface area of the fault that slips,” Shearer said.
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