The Cascadia fault is the boundary between two of the earth’s tectonic plates: the smaller offshore Juan de Fuca Plate that is sliding under the much larger North American Plate.The shaking of the earthquake collapsed houses of the Cowichan people on Vancouver Island and caused numerous landslides. Geologists knew that, throughout historical time, there had not been any record of an earthquake of magnitude 8 or 9 at the Juan de Fuca site, yet all along the Pacific Coast of North and South America there were earthquakes of this magnitude in all the other regions. Thousands of coastal residents settled in for the night on January 26th 1700 when the ground began to shake. During the 1990s, Mount Rainier was selected by the United States Geological Service for intense study as one of three places that might cause major damage over the next decade or two.
Basic services like electricity, water, and communications will be disrupted for long periods of time.The tsunami will travel across the Pacific and bring flooding and strong currents to coastal communities throughout the basin from Alaska to as far away as Japan and the islands in between.
This system consists of a reservoir with a temperature of more than 400 degrees, underlain by a reservoir of hot water.Crater Lake, farther to the north, in Oregon, is the remnant of a catastrophic eruption of what was once Mount Mazama, over 10,000 feet high.
In fact, scientists have estimated that over the last 10,000 years, more than 40 earthquakes greater than magnitude 8 occurred somewhere along the Cascadia subduction zone.Like the 1700 event, at least 19 of these were around magnitude 9 and ruptured the entire length of the subduction zone.
Other volcanoes, such as those in Hawaii, have a different shape because the lava that built them has a different chemical composition.
Dating the 1700 Cascadia Earthquake: Great Coastal Earthquakes in Native Stories Ruth S. Ludwin 1, Robert Dennis 2, Deborah Carver 3, Alan D. McMillan 4, Robert Losey5, John Clague6, Chris Jonientz-Trisler7, Janine Bowechop8, Jacilee Wray9, and Karen James10 INTRODUCTION Although scientific recognition of the earthquake hazard pre- While these natural hazards cannot be stopped, their impacts can be reduced.Scientists, engineers, and public officials are working together to better understand the threat and prepare coastal communities to better withstand such an event. It may be as high as 30 to 40 feet (9 to 12 meters) in some places.The amount of subsidence caused by the earthquake and the tide will also affect wave heights. Cascadia Prepared has been working to have January 26th declared Cascadia Earthquake Preparedness Day in honor of the last CSZ earthquake. According to the CREW scenario, the number of deaths could exceed 10,000, more than 30,000 people could be injured, and economic losses could approximate $70 billion (for Washington, Oregon, and California alone).Oregon public sign providing tsunami survival tips and directions to high ground.Since most construction in the region was not designed to survive earthquakes, much less tsunamis, buildings will be damaged and destroyed, businesses will be crippled.
Rainy weather can also be a trigger. The most prolific of the four is South Tahoma Glacier, which had fifteen of these outbursts between 1986 and 1992. It has been active for more than twenty million years.Mount Rainier is the highest mountain of the Cascades, towering more than 12,000 feet above sea level. Why were there no big earthquakes there? As researchers moved farther and farther back from the coast, looking carefully at each location where layers of mud and peat were found, a very fine layer of sand on the peat seemed to become thinner and thinner the further you were from the coast. As he dug down farther he found another layer of sand and mud below the peat. As often happens in an event of this magnitude, the summit of the mountain sank back into the now empty five-mile-wide inner magma chamber and went down below ground level.
1700: A massive earthquake strikes the Pacific Northwest coast, sending a tsunami racing across the ocean all the way to Japan. It was an explosion that was probably ten times greater than the one that occurred later in Mount St. Helens. This is exactly what you would expect if a powerful tsunami had swept across the land following an earthquake. It was the twenty-sixth of January 1700.A researcher from the Geological Survey of Japan, along with a team of scientists from the University of Tokyo, found Japanese records of tsunami occurrences along the country’s eastern coastline between January 27 and 28, 1700.
Knowing the speed of the tsunami he was able to say exactly when the earthquake took place. The southern section of the subduction zone south of Newport, Oregon, has historically been more active than the northern section.It has been over 300 years since the 1700 event. Because these inland earthquakes can be much closer to our urban areas and occur more frequently, they represent the greatest earthquake hazard. These mountains are located approximately 170 miles from the coast.
Given the frequency of smaller earthquakes in and around Seattle, there is every justification for concentrated research efforts while, at the same time, keeping a close watch on the mountain’s behavior.We now know that a similar offshore event will happen sometime in the future and that it represents a considerable hazard to those who live in southwest British Columbia.
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